Developing and least developed countries can adopt a combination of Universal Basic Income (UBI) and Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) models to effectively reduce poverty, particularly multidimensional poverty. UBI, which provides periodic, unconditional cash payments to all individuals, can alleviate immediate income poverty and improve welfare in the short term by giving people control over their time and resources, thus enhancing their social and mental well-being . However, studies indicate that UBI alone may lead to decreased investments in human and physical capital, reduced labor supply, and ultimately higher poverty and inequality in the long run . Therefore, integrating CCTs, […]
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