Universal basic income (UBI) – variously referred to as ‘citizen’s income’, ‘minimum guaranteed income’, ‘basic income guarantee’ or simply ‘basic income’ – refers to a range of schemes or policies involving cash transfers that are universal and unconditional (indeed, the ‘U’ in ‘UBI’ can stand for either term). The standard definition, following Van Parijs (2004), is: “an income unconditionally paid to all on an individual basis, without means test or work requirement”. Payments are made automatically to all; they are universal , applying to the entire population. Eligibility is not withdrawn as individuals’ financial circumstances change (as in means-tested […]
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