“Automation replaces men. This is of course nothing new,” explains James Boggs in his 1963 treatise The American Revolution: Pages from a Negro Worker’s Notebook. “What is new is that now, unlike most earlier periods, the displaced men have nowhere to go.” 1 This was particularly true for the many Black workers who, like Boggs, had migrated from the Jim Crow South to the northern cities in search of gainful employment during the postwar period. Unable to find meaningful work and with return to the South not an option, they remained trapped in urban ghettos with little hope for […]
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