Automation technology in manufacturing has varied effects on employment. Several studies indicate that automation technology increases total employment and employment at all skill levels in manufacturing firms, suggesting that the productivity effect outweighs the displacement effect . Additionally, automation can lead to the skill upgrading of employment composition, with a higher proportion of high-skilled labor and a decrease in low-skilled labor . Furthermore, automation can have a positive impact on employment in the service sector, offsetting the reduction in manufacturing employment . Studies also show that automation in manufacturing leads to higher profits, lower consumer prices, and higher sales, […]
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